Professionalism

Professionalism
The entertainment aspect of sports, together with the spread of mass media and increased leisure time, has led to professionalism in sports. This has resulted in some conflict, where the paycheck can be seen as more important than recreational aspects, or where the sports are changed simply to make them more profitable and popular, thereby losing certain valued traditions.
The entertainment aspect also means that sportsmen and women are often elevated to celebrity status.
Politics

Politics

PoliticsAt times, sports and politics can have a large amount of influence on each other.
When apartheid was the official policy in South Africa, many sports people, particularly in rugby union, adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.[7]
The 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin was an illustration, perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda.

In modern sport motorization has appeared.
In the history of Ireland, Gaelic sports were connected with cultural nationalism. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing Gaelic football, hurling, or other sports administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) if she/he played or supported soccer, or other games seen to be of British origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of soccer and rugby union at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but has been modified to allow football and rugby be played in Croke Park while Lansdowne Road is being redeveloped. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the RUC from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.
Nationalism is often evident in the pursuit of sports, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the sporting venue (see Football War). These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sports being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.

Sport

SportSport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determinant of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports (a common name for some card games and board games with little to no element of chance) and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors. Sport is commonly defined as an organized, competitive and skillful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play. Some view sports as differing from games based on the fact that there are usually higher levels of organization and profit (not always monetary) involved in sports. Accurate records are kept and updated for most sports at the highest levels, while failures and accomplishments are widely announced in sport news.
The term sports is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities in which offense and defense are played, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both games of skill and motor sport exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports, such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports.
Sports that are subjectively judged are distinct from other judged activities such as beauty pageants and bodybuilding shows, because in the former the activity performed is the primary focus of evaluation, rather than the physical attributes of the contestant as in the latter (although "presentation" or "presence" may also be judged in both activities).
Sports are most often played just for fun or for the simple fact that people need exercise to stay in good physical condition.
Although they do not always succeed, sports participants are expected to display good sportsmanship, standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials, and congratulating the winner when losing.

Katrina, Aamir

Katrina, Aamir

Katrina Kaif and Aamir Khan are the most downloaded Bollywood celebrities, according to Bahrti Airtel’s mobile phone usage survey. The survey- Airtel Mobitude 2009- captures the preference and choice of over 116 million mobile users located across India.Based on the compilation of data that captures all downloaded content by an Airtel Mobile user during 2009, Airtel Mobitude is an annual survey that will be released by Bharti Airtel at the end of every calendar year. “Airtel Mobitude 2009 reflects the true choice of India. A mobile phone is considered by many as an intrinsic part of their daily life, be it a user in a small village or in a large town. It fulfills a consumer’s social and entertainment needs, from communicating with others, to downloading music, images and games, ” said Atul Bindal, President- Mobile Services, Bharti Airtel Ltd. Spreading across different parameters, Airtel Mobitude 2009 highlights interesting choices and preferences of ‘Mobile India’. For instance, Katrina Kaif and Aamir Khan were the most downloaded celebrities on an Airtel mobile beating the likes of Kareena Kapoor, Salman and Shahrukh Khan. Surprisingly, the survey also showcased that mobile users prefer to download a lot of Hollywood celebrities’ as much as Bollywood superstars. Over 200 million music downloads were completed by Airtel users in 2009. The study reflected that maximum music was downloaded by mobile users in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharastra and Punjab. Regional music was as popular as Hindi songs in all these States. Surprisingly Jab Dekho Phone Kar Dete Ho, an April Fool Joke is the most downloaded music ahead of Jai Ho of Slumdog Millionaire. The Indian Cricket team still rules supreme in the popularity charts amongst (Male) sports personalities. International Tennis Player Rafael Nadal completes the top five in this category. In the women sports category, Maria Sharapova was the most downloaded sports personality ahead of India’s Sania Mirza. Airtel Mobitude also captured the most connected occasion over a mobile phone. Users send maximum messages on the New Year followed by Diwali, Dusshera and interestingly Friendship Day. Airtel Mobitude 2009 is a compilation of millions of downloads and billions of SMSs by Airtel customers across cities, towns and villages of India. The study offers yet another medium to conduct consumer behaviour studies that reflect a larger community of people across strata and regional boundary.

Establishment of Peace Research Institute in Biratnagar:

Establishment of Peace Research Institute in Biratnagar:

Purbanchal University has stepped up to establish the Peace Research Institute in Biratnagar, the Eastern part of Nepal as per mentioned justifications:
The establishment of Peace Research Institute in Eastern part of Nepal can have very high prestigious role and can have a large functions towards peace building due to geographical, ethnic, cultural, religious, trade, and natural resource conflicts in the regions.
Nepal has a very close cultural, religious, ethnic and caste based relationship with India. The Nepalese trade is highly dependent on India’s prospects. The people to people contacts in between India and Nepal are tremendously very high due to exchange of various cultural and religious activities. People’s movement, separatist movement, labor movements and the commercial and industrial movements have close impacts on each other borders in the neighboring countries, especially Bhutan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
The border disputes, inhabitants vs. the Diasporas conflicts, conflict in the North east region of India, Conflicts in Myanmar have very close contacts in creating inter and intra conflicts within the specified regions. The separatists and the impacts of political movement in either of the neighboring country surely affect the other side of the border. The inter-intra cross-border crime and violence as well as terrorisms activities have influence in Nepal using Biratnagar as a gateway, enabling violent conflicts in the region.
The present transitional phase of Nepal needs decentralized movements in research and in other activities. The study of various conflicts and its underpinning reasons and field excursion case studies will be very appropriate to lead in Biratnagar.
Biratnagar has very close borders to Bangladesh, Bhutan and is also connected with North East states of India and Myanmar. The connectivity with the Indian and other neighboring countries has made Biratnagar as the most important hub for trade and commercial activities. Similarly Biratnagar is also ruled as an important hub in terms of leaderships for major revolutions. The impulse and the impacts of major movements in the neighboring countries have its gateway to Nepal through Biratnagar. The first democratic movement of independence India, Naxalites movements in the north east provinces of India has impacted Nepal through the gateway of Biratnagar, seeded major changes in the past and the present conditions in Nepal

Mission:

Mission:

Due to its diverse geo-physical conditions, Purbanchal University qualifies for many research activities in Peace and Conflict Studies that could be of tremendous benefits to region (Including Neighboring countries). The Purbanchal University is presently conducting intensive search to conduct a number of collaborative research activities in close association with national, regional and international organizations. The current fields of interest are peace building and conflict transformation, but there are also open to additional areas of interest. The institute will be developed and expanded in two phases.
Phase-1: It will refer and concentrate its activities with respect to the present condition and demands especially focusing peace research and the training programs
Phase-2: It will refer the past experiences through research activities and the projects responsible to develop and expand its long term mission.

The Need of Peace Research Institute:

The Need of Peace Research Institute:

The present scenario of Nepal may be compared, observed and predicted as the cases of many other Civil wars, happened in many other countries. It can also be critically, somehow compared as the case study of the civil wars in Guatemala.
We believe that the present situation of Nepal is in great need of impartial and autonomous peace research Institution following the International recognition. The Institute could assist and serve civil society at large in the South Asia region. The government, policy makers and the academicians, are in need of such Institution supporting the ideas of conflict resolution. The Institute could produce early warning system of the conflicts and could also able to suggest the Governments on the issues and the strategies of peace building process in the conflict zones. In addition to various other objectives, Peace research can subordinate the issues for finding facts of root cause of conflicts, truth finding facts on latent conflicts. The Institute is required to carry the mission of peace building research in grass root level. The establishment of Peace research Institute will able to spread its activities on various types of conflicts, coexisting in similar forms also in neighboring countries of Nepal, especially in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The nature of the conflicts and the various forms of Incompatibilities describes homogeneous background transmitting its subjectivist and objectivist forms of conflicts in one and another country. We also believe that Peace Research Institute will have a very important role in this north east region of South Asia due to the typical geopolitical environments. This particular region (Some north east part of India, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar) has impacted due to context, actors, issues and the interest of the parties originating various types of conflicts.